Question 1: Which process describes the cycling of water through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation in Earth's systems?
Topic: Ecological Principles and Environmental Systems
- phosphorus
- sulfur
- nitrogen
- hydrologic (Correct Answer)
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Comprehensive DSST exam preparation with practice tests and flashcards.
Written by the Flying Prep Team
Reviewed by Alex Stone, who earned 99 credits via CLEP & DSST
This section examines climate systems, greenhouse gases, and the causes and consequences of global climate change. Students need to understand ozone depletion, global warming mechanisms, climate feedback loops, and international environmental challenges. Knowledge of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies, as well as global environmental agreements, is required.
This section examines the historical relationship between human societies and the environment from pre-industrial times to the present. Students must understand major environmental impacts of human activities including agriculture, industrialization, urbanization, and technological development. Key topics include the environmental movement, landmark environmental events, and how human population growth has affected natural systems.
This section addresses various forms of environmental contamination including air, water, and soil pollution, as well as their effects on human health and ecosystems. Students must understand pollution sources, types of pollutants, exposure pathways, and health impacts. Knowledge of toxicology principles, environmental justice issues, and pollution prevention strategies is essential.
This section addresses sustainable development principles, green technologies, and environmentally conscious practices. Students need to understand renewable energy systems, green building design, sustainable agriculture, and circular economy concepts. Knowledge of emerging technologies, environmental innovations, and strategies for balancing economic development with environmental protection is required.
This section covers environmental laws, regulations, and economic approaches to environmental protection. Students must understand key environmental legislation, regulatory agencies, policy implementation, and market-based solutions such as cap-and-trade systems. Knowledge of cost-benefit analysis, environmental impact assessments, and international environmental governance is essential.
This section covers fundamental ecological concepts including ecosystem structure, energy flow, nutrient cycles, and population dynamics. Students need to understand biotic and abiotic factors, food webs, succession, biodiversity, and the interconnections between living organisms and their physical environment. Knowledge of ecological principles such as carrying capacity, limiting factors, and species interactions is essential.
This section covers renewable and non-renewable resources including water, forests, minerals, fossil fuels, and agricultural lands. Students need to understand resource extraction methods, conservation strategies, sustainable use practices, and the economic and environmental trade-offs of resource management. Knowledge of resource depletion, recycling, and alternative resource development is required.
Preparing your assessment...
The exam difficulty varies significantly based on your background. The scientific concepts in Ecological Principles and Environmental Systems require understanding complex interactions rather than simple memorization, which many find challenging. Environmental History and Policy sections reward factual knowledge of specific laws, dates, and events - straightforward if you study systematically, but unforgiving if you guess. The biggest challenge is the exam's breadth, covering everything from biogeochemical cycles to international environmental agreements. Students with science backgrounds often struggle with policy details, while those with policy experience may find the quantitative ecology concepts difficult. The 60-second-per-question pace requires efficient recall rather than deep analysis. Plan for serious preparation time regardless of your starting knowledge level.
The American Council on Education recommends a scaled score of 50 out of 80 for college credit, which most institutions accept. This typically requires correctly answering 60-65% of the scored questions. Some colleges set higher minimum scores of 55 or 60 points, particularly for students majoring in environmental science or related fields. Check your target institution's specific requirements before taking the exam, as policies vary. A score of 50 represents C-level performance in an equivalent college course. Scores above 60 generally indicate strong mastery of the material. Remember that some questions are experimental and don't count toward your score, but you won't know which ones these are during the exam.
Study time depends heavily on your professional and educational background. Environmental professionals with policy or consulting experience typically need 25-35 hours focusing mainly on scientific concepts and historical details. Those with some college science background but limited environmental knowledge should plan 45-60 hours. Complete beginners need 80-100 hours to master both scientific principles and policy frameworks. The exam's breadth requires systematic coverage of all topic areas rather than focused study in familiar subjects. Don't underestimate memorization requirements for environmental legislation, historical events, and specific pollutant effects. Factor in additional time for practice tests to build speed and identify knowledge gaps. Consistent daily study works better than cramming due to the volume of factual material.
Start with the highest-weighted sections: Ecological Principles (20%) and Environmental History (18%). Create systematic study schedules covering all topic areas rather than focusing only on familiar material. Use active recall techniques for the substantial factual content - environmental laws, historical dates, and specific pollution examples. Practice interpreting data presentations and graphs, as these appear frequently in climate change and pollution questions. Build connections between topics since the exam tests relationships between human activities and environmental consequences. Take timed practice tests to build speed and identify weak areas needing additional review. Don't neglect smaller sections like Sustainable Development (9%) - these points are often easier to earn than struggling with difficult ecology concepts. Review current environmental data and recent policy developments, as the exam includes contemporary examples.
The Environment and Humanity exam requires minimal mathematical calculations. You'll need basic understanding of scientific notation, percentages, and units like parts per million or parts per billion for pollution concentrations. Population growth concepts may involve interpreting exponential growth curves, but you won't calculate specific growth rates. Energy and resource questions might reference quantities like kilowatt-hours or tons of carbon dioxide, but focus on relative comparisons rather than precise calculations. Climate data questions typically ask you to interpret temperature or precipitation trends from graphs rather than compute statistical measures. The exam emphasizes conceptual understanding of environmental relationships over quantitative analysis. A basic calculator isn't provided or necessary. If numbers appear, they usually test your ability to recognize reasonable ranges or compare magnitudes rather than perform complex computations.
Yes, the exam includes contemporary environmental topics alongside historical and scientific foundations. Climate change questions reference current greenhouse gas concentrations, recent temperature data, and ongoing mitigation efforts. Sustainable technology sections cover recent developments in renewable energy, green building practices, and emerging pollution control methods. Environmental policy questions may include recent legislation or international agreements, though major historical laws like the Clean Air Act remain more heavily emphasized. Current environmental disasters, species conservation efforts, and resource management challenges appear as examples illustrating broader principles. However, the exam focuses more on established scientific concepts and proven policy approaches than rapidly changing political positions or very recent events. Study recent data and examples, but prioritize understanding fundamental environmental principles that remain constant regardless of current political or economic conditions.
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