A research paper includes this sentence: "Researchers have found that sleep deprivation impairs cognitive function (Johnson 42; Williams 118; Chen 75)." What does the use of multiple citations indicate?

Question

Accepted Answer

Multiple sources support this claim, strengthening the argument through corroboration. Multiple citations after a single claim indicate that multiple sources support this finding, strengthening the argument through corroboration. When several independent researchers reach the same conclusion, it suggests the claim is well-established in the field. This technique, called "stacking citations," demonstrates thorough research and adds credibility to the claim.

Indecision about which source to use would not result in citing all of them - a confused writer would typically pick one or ask for guidance. Padding the bibliography is not achieved through in-text citations, which serve a functional purpose. If the sources contradicted the claim, the writer would note the disagreement rather than cite them as collective support.

Using multiple sources to support a claim is an advanced research writing skill tested on the CLEP College Composition Modular exam. It demonstrates synthesis - the ability to draw connections across sources and build a body of evidence. When multiple independent sources corroborate a claim, the writer can present it with greater confidence. Test-takers should understand that responsible academic writing seeks corroboration from multiple credible sources rather than relying on a single authority.

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